<p>Scharfenstein is a 304 m hill composed of basalt in the Schwalm-Eder-Kreis district of North Hesse, Germany. It is the remains of one of a number of extinct volcanoes in the West Hesse Depression.</p><br>
<h2>Geographical Location</h2><br>
<p>Scharfenstein lies ca. 2.5 km north-east of the town centre of Gudensberg, and ca. 1 km west-south-west of the village of Dissen. Directly next to it runs the Bundesautobahn 49, and the hill can be reached from a car park off the autobahn. Alternatively the outcrop can be reached on foot from Dissen by crossing a bridge over the autobahn.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The hill is the remains of an extinct volcano that belongs to the West Hesse Depression.</p><br>
<p>The volcano was active in the Miocene, i.e. it began 20 million years ago and ended 7 million years ago. The only part of the volcano that is left is the neck or volcanic plug; the rest has been eroded. The alkali basalt has a silica (SiO2) volume percentage of 45-55%.</p><br>
<p>The main minerals in the rock are plagioclase, augite and olivine.</p><br>
<p>Peculiar to Scharfenstein, compared to other basalt outcrops in the area, are the very well-developed basalt columns, which are for the most part horizontal or slightly inclined. Basalt in columnar form is due to cooling, in which the long axis of the column is in the direction of the slowest cooling. It is likely that after eruption or intrusion, the basalt slumped back to produce the outcrop features at Scharfenstein.</p><br>
<p>The fresh broken edges of basalt are as sharp as a knife edge, which gives Scharfenstein (sharp stone) its name. Between the 21 and 22 March 1865, as the result of weathering, especially repeated freezing and cracking, the original outcrop broke apart and was reduced in height by a half.</p><br>
<h2>Cultural Heritage</h2><br>
<p>In 1838, Franz von Dingelstedt published a collection of poems, one of which was entitled Althessiche Sage (old hessian legend).</p><br>
<p>It tells the romantic story of a band of Roman wariours, who, after being defeated in battle by the German barbarians, ask for sanctuary. They are then locked inside the hill and only come out in moonlight.</p><br>
<p>Ludwig Emil Grimm (14 March 1790 –– 4 April 1863), the third brother of the more famous Brothers Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm, painted Scharfenstein in watercolours (see figure right) in 1835, i.e., before it broke apart.</p><br>
<h2>Legend</h2><br>
<p>It is said that a beautiful virgin keeps a treasure chest within the hill. On every seventh year she comes out and sneezes seven times. Whoever, at this time, calls out "Gott helf!" (lit - so help me God!, or bless you!) will receive the treasure and girl. Once a coach driver heard the sneezing, and called out six times "Gott helf!". But instead, on the seventh time, he cursed loudly and the girl disappeared. She was never seen again.</p><br>
<h2>Outdoor Activities</h2><br>
<p>Scharfenstein is a well-known target for climbers. There are over 85 climbing routes on the basalt hill.</p><br>
<p>The United States Post Office and Courthouse in Meridian, Mississippi was built in 1933. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. It is a three-story limestone building built in a classical Art Deco style which was home to Meridian&#39;s main post office and a federal courthouse from its construction in 1933 until 2012 when the federal courthouse was closed due to budget cuts. The building itself is still open and still houses the post office.</p><br>
<h2>Previous buildings</h2><br>
<p>When John T. Ball, one of the citys founders, bought land in the city in 1853, he built a log store on 26th Avenue and 7th Street. In this store, he persuaded the government to rent space for a small post office. In 1863, the post office was moved to the corner of 27th Avenue and Davis Street and would move five additional times before the building of the citys first Federal building in 1898. Meridian had begun a push for a Federal building as far back as 1888, and on January 2, 1898, The Meridian Star reported this dream had become a reality.</p><br>
<p>The new building was designed by architect William Martin Aiken. As the city grew, the building was used extensively. By 1899, the post office had five mail carriers and four in-house clerks. As demand increased, an addition was made to the east side of the building in 1911.</p><br>
<h2>Federal building</h2><br>
<p>During the Great Depression, the state government added a new Federal building to nearly every town of importance and gave financial aid to the builders. The new Meridian Post Office and Courthouse was one of these buildings, located at 9th Street and 21st Avenue and noted for its mass and proportion rather than for its detail. The district court moved to the present courthouse when it was built in 1933, and the old building was demolished sometime in the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was designed by a local architectural firm headed by noted Meridian architect P.J. Krouse Unlike decorative forms such as that of the Threefoot Building, also in Meridian, classical Art Deco buildings usually use monochromatic stone or brick and are usually shaped like classical temples. Another example of this classical Art Deco style in Mississippi is the War Memorial Building, a Mississippi Landmark in Jackson.</p><br>
<p>The building is a three-story limestone building with a basement and composition roof. Granite steps lead up to the main entrance, slightly above ground level, and there is a bronze grill with a decorative ear of corn design on it. The words "Neither snow nor rain nor gloom of night shall stay these couriers" are engraved in all capitals across the top of the front facade of the building. Above a terracotta coping is a parapet wall with a repeated design of an eagle and a steer with ears of corn hanging from his ears. A large flagpole with a marble base is outside the front entrance, and four lamps line the entrance-way. Each lamp is a glass world globe shaded with two colors of amber.</p><br>
<p>The front entrance opens to a foyer with two granite steps leading to the public lobby and a marble mosaic in the center of the floor. The foyer has four marble columns, two of which divide the steps, and two against each end wall. The lobby contains marble flooring and a building directory of cast bronze.</p><br>
<p>In 1963 under the General Services Administration, the basement and first floor of the building were extended in the rear, but the structural integrity of the exterior was not affected by the addition.</p><br>
<h2>Notable cases</h2><br>
<p>The courthouse housed in the building was the setting of many notable cases, especially during the Civil Rights Movement. On May 31, 1961, James Meredith filed a lawsuit in the Meridian court against the University of Mississippi, and the initial trial was held in the courthouse. The suit would eventually go to the Supreme Court, which ruled in Meredith&#39;s favor. The Meridian courthouse was also the site of the United States v. Price case, in which 19 men where charged with the murders of James Chaney, Michael Schwerner, and Andrew Goodman, in October 1967. The trial resulted in the conviction of 7 people and was the first time an all-white jury in Mississippi convicted a white person on civil rights charges.</p><br>
<p>Usage of the court declined (as it did in all federal courts) since the Civil Rights era, averaging only six to eight trials per year during the 1980s and 1990s, and even fewer in more recent years. No federal judges have been stationed in the courthouse since the &#39;90s. Most filings since then have been made online, and judges are brought in from larger cities if needed for business.</p><br>
<h2>Closure of the courthouse</h2><br>
<p>In September 2012, the Judicial Conference of the United States announced that it would no longer use the building for trials.</p><br>
<p>The United States Courthouse, previously known as Institute Hall, Opera Hall, and Memorial Hall, is a building in Natchez, Mississippi that was initially constructed from 1851 to 1853, for use as an educational building. It has served a variety of public purposes in the intervening years. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. In 2007, it was rededicated as a courthouse of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi.</p><br>
<h2>Building history</h2><br>
<p>The cornerstone for the United States Courthouse, originally known as Institute Hall, was laid in 1852. The president of the Natchez Board of Education stated at the cornerstone laying ceremony that it would "serve as a monument to the past showing what can be accomplished in a few years by willing hearts and ready hands. It will be a beacon in the future, calling for deeds to emulate the past". The building was built by the Weldon Brothers. The building was completed in 1853 and intended to serve as a place for events and performances related to the adjacent Natchez Institute School. It opened on Independence Day that year. The building quickly became the citys entertainment venue, hosting traveling acts and local celebrations. By the 1890s, newspapers called the building Opera Hall. (It had briefly doubled as a roller rink.) In 1901 the basement-level girls classrooms were relocated to the new building of the Natchez Institute. That same year, a new concert hall opened in the city, and Opera Hall attracted few events.</p><br>
<p>In 1921, the American Legion refashioned the building as a World War I monument, adding a proscenium stage and patriotic decor. In 1924, they added four bronze plaques with the names of World War I veterans and two descriptive plaques, and the structure was renamed Memorial Hall. The newly renamed building continued to serve a wide variety of purposes for the city throughout the twentieth century. It was a teen canteen, a library, a charity clothing drop-off center, a museum, an American Legion hall, a place for the city to store voting booths, a location for boxing matches, and it occasionally still hosted public performances. One notable use began in 1932, as the first pageant was held in Memorial Hall during the Natchez Pilgrimage, the nation&#39;s second oldest organized house tour.</p><br>
<p>By the 1970s, the building was in a decaying condition. In 1987, the Historic Natchez Foundation, working with the city, purchased the dilapidated building, began emergency repairs, and waited for a preservation-supportive occupant.</p><br>
<p>Changing US courts needs led the US District courts to relocate a court to Natchez. Through a partnership involving federal, state, and local agencies working closely with Waggonner & Ball Architects, Memorial Hall was rehabilitated for use as a federal courthouse. In 2007, as it had over 200 years earlier as capital of the Mississippi Territory, Natchez once again was the site of a federal court.</p><br>
<h3>Report on 1924 World War I plaques</h3><br>
<p>On March 14, 2010, the Natchez Democrat reported that the names of more than 500 black servicemen from Adams County in World War I had been excluded from the memorial plaques at what is now the US Courthouse. Shane Peterson, a student at California State University Northridge, had researched the issue and published a paper online; he found that a federal roster shows that 581 black men entered the USA Army from Adams County between 1917 and 1918, and approximately 200 of the veterans returned to Adams County after the war, yet none appears on the courthouse plaques. Peterson contacted Ser Seshs Ab Heter-C.M. Boxley, a local activist and coordinator of the Friends of the Forks of the Road, for help in getting the names added. Boxley suggested that new memorial plaques were needed to correct the exclusion related to the racial segregation of the Jim Crow era. Other stories followed the reaction of the new owner of the monument, the United States General Services Administration (GSA).</p><br>
<p>In April, a GSA spokesman said the agency was working on correcting the exclusion. In November GSA hired a consultant to aid with research and public outreach on the project. The consultant confirmed that the names of more than 500 black men from the Natchez area had been left off the plaques; in addition, 100 white men had been overlooked. It published the corrected list of veterans at the Armstrong Library, the federal courthouse, the Natchez Historic Foundation, the Natchez Museum of African American Culture and the Natchez Visitor Reception Center, as well as online, and has invited people to send any additions. The consultant has also worked with service groups such as the American Legion, in order to solicit any additions. New plaques will be commissioned which will be complete. The original plaques will be moved inside to be part of an interpretive exhibit on Natchez in World War I and the roles played by all its veterans.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The structure is a rare example of a nineteenth-century Greek Revival auditorium. It was designed by the noted English-born Kentucky architect Thomas Lewinski, while he worked as supervisor of the construction of a nearby Marine Hospital. The Greek Revival style building resembles Lewinskis work in Kentucky more so than the Greek Revival mansions of Natchez. The courthouse is rectangular in plan with two stories and a gabled roof. A primary Greek Revival feature is its symmetrical, three-bay facade, classically detailed with a centered, single bay engaged portico flanked by recessed side bays. The engaged portico features paired pilasters supporting a triple banded architrave, a wide frieze, a molded cornice, and a pediment. A molded panel parapet surmounts the facade with paired piers that echo the arrangement of the pilasters below them. The wide frieze continues along either side of the building, which is brick clad and has six window bays along its lower levels. The upper levels of the building contain larger wood windows. The second story above the main entrance contains a more elaborate double-height window with multi-light sidelights. The rear elevation has a central portico with pilasters rendered in brick. It has a modern stairwell addition enclosed in semi-opaque glass, constructed as part of the buildings recent renovation. The front elevation on Pearl Street includes its original ornamental wrought iron fence and two decorative pole light fixtures, recreated based upon original documentation.</p><br>
<p>Entranceways are present at each of the facades three bays. The main entrance, located in the center bay, is composed of a pair of eight-paneled molded doors that open onto a foyer. Inside, a pair of wood doors adorned with upper panel patterning of octagonal openings is present at the foyers rear wall. They are set within a wide wood surround with a peaked lintel containing a federal-style eagle motif in the center. The doors lead into a corridor that continues the length of the building, with offices located off of either side of it. Within the foyer are symmetrically placed matching staircases that lead to the second floor. Each is made of turned wood newels and balusters, makes two quarter turns, and has winders at beginning and end. The grand staircase leads to a second-floor landing at the entrance to the main courtroom.</p><br>
<p>The second level features a large open space that was originally an auditorium, and was rehabilitated into a federal courtroom. The courtroom space, with blonde wood partitions, is a recently added room within the larger pre-existing space. To give visitors a sense of the original width of the room and allow light to penetrate the courtroom, above eye level, wood louvers and glass panels top the partitions. A turned spindle wood balustrade, for a former balcony at the room&#39;s rear wall, is retained.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>1851-1853: Building designed and constructed to provide public school auditorium and classroom space</p><br>
<p>1890s: Referred to as the Opera Hall, building becomes the city&#39;s entertainment venue</p><br>
<p>1901: Both new school building and new concert hall are constructed, leaving the building almost vacant</p><br>
<p>1921: Renovated by the American Legion and renamed Memorial Hall in honor of World War I veterans</p><br>
<p>1924: Plaques with the names of Adams County World War I Veterans and two descriptive plaques bolted to the facade</p><br>
<p>1930s: Used as pageant venue for the Natchez Pilgrimage House Tour</p><br>
<p>1965: Natchez library, housed in basement since 1883, relocates</p><br>
<p>1968-1970s: Natchez Museum occupies auditorium</p><br>
<p>1979: Building listed in National Register of Historic Places</p><br>
<p>1986-1987: After auditorium ceiling collapses, Historic Natchez Foundation acquires building and champions its preservation</p><br>
<p>2004: GSA acquires building and begins, in conjunction with many public and private agencies, its rehabilitation into a courthouse</p><br>
<p>2007: United States Courthouse in Natchez begins session</p><br>
<h2>Building Facts</h2><br>
<p>Location: 109 South Pearl Street</p><br>
<p>Architects: Thomas Lewinski; Waggonner & Ball Architects</p><br>
<p>Construction Dates: 1851-1853; 2003–2007</p><br>
<p>Landmark Status: Listed in the National Register of Historic Places</p><br>
<p>Architectural Style: Greek Revival</p><br>
<p>Primary Materials: Brick and stucco</p><br>
<p>Prominent Features: Classical facade with parapet; Courtroom in original two-story auditorium; Elaborate staircases</p><br>
<h2>Attribution</h2><br>
<p>Eureka Masonic College, also known as The Little Red Schoolhouse  in Richland, Holmes County, Mississippi, is widely known as the birthplace of the Order of the Eastern Star, created by Robert Morris.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The educational institution was established in 1847 by the Masonic Lodges of Holmes County, Mississippi, as the Richland Literary Institute. The lodges raised $3,400 to erect the two-story brick school building.</p><br>
<p>The Holmes County Masons hired Robert Morris away from Mount Sylvan Academy in Oxford to run their new school. In 1848, the school was renamed as the "Eureka Masonic College."</p><br>
<p>Morris was concerned that the female relatives of Masons could not share in the benefits of Freemasonry. In the winter of 1849-1850, while in Jackson, Mississippi, to recuperate from an attack of an ailment that he described as rheumatism, he focused his attention on developing a womens Masonic organization. During that winter he developed a system of degrees and other principles for that organization, and in February 1850 wrote Eastern Stars first ritual, titled The Rosary of the Eastern Star.</p><br>
<p>Morris left the school some time thereafter, moving to Masonic University in LaGrange, Kentucky. Eureka Masonic College operated until 1861, with a curriculum that never extended past the college preparatory level. During the Civil War, the school building housed the regimental headquarters for a Mississippi Infantry regiment.</p><br>
<h3>Segregated public school</h3><br>
<p>After the Civil War, Holmes County took over the abandoned schoolhouse for use as a segregated public school for African Americans.</p><br>
<h3>Restoration of building</h3><br>
<p>Following the school&#39;s closure, the schoolhouse was leased to the Order of the Eastern Star, which undertook an extensive restoration project that was finally completed in 1979. Ownership was transferred to the Order of the Eastern Star in August 1968.</p><br>
<h2>Location and architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Eureka Masonic College building is located in a rural setting in Holmes County along Mississippi Highway 17 near Interstate 55. The building&#39;s footprint has dimensions of 30 ft by 60 ft. There are Federal style fanlights over the doorways on its two primary facades. The first story is divided into two large classrooms, and the second story contains a single large meeting hall. At the time of its construction, it was "undoubtedly, the largest building in rural Holmes County."</p><br>
<p>The James Cardinal Gibbons Memorial Statue is a public artwork by Leo Lentelli, located at the Shrine of the Sacred Heart, 16th Street and Park Road Northwest, Washington, D.C.</p><br>
<p>The James Cardinal Gibbons Memorial Statue was originally surveyed as part of the Smithsonian&#39;s Save Outdoor Sculpture! survey in 1993. It was listed with the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>It is a bronze figure of James Gibbons seated, wearing cardinals robes. In his proper left hand he holds a cross which hangs from his neck. His proper right hand is raised as if giving a blessing. The base, which is made of granite and stands at H. 8 ft. x W. 10 ft., and weighs 2,500 lbs., has a relief of a shield topped with a ecclesiastical hat called a galero. The shield has the coat of arms of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore on the left, joined with the Cardinals personal coat of arms on the right. Around the shield are rows of tassels that represent the ranks of clergy. In this case, 15 rows indicate Gibbons rank as Cardinal.</p><br>
<p>The front of the base displays:</p><br>
<p>The rear of the base displays:</p><br>
<p>On the left side of the base is the artists name and the founders mark:</p><br>
<h2>Acquisition</h2><br>
<p>The James Cardinal Gibbons Memorial Statue was authorized by Congress and President Calvin Coolidge on April 23, 1928. The piece was commissioned by the Knights of Columbus and cost, at no expense to the United States, $35,998. The piece was unveiled on August 14, 1932.</p><br>
<h2>Information</h2><br>
<p>The sculpture was installed to coincide with the Knights of Columbus 50th anniversary. They chose to dedicate a sculpture on behalf of Gibbons because of his "preeminence as a great American". The sculpture was created in Lentellis New York studio.</p><br>
<p>On February 22, 2007, the Gibbons Memorial was declared a Washington D.C. historic site and on October 11, 2007 it was added to the national register.</p><br>
<p>The Luthor List Mound  is an archaeological site of the Adena culture in the southern part of the USA state of Ohio. Located in Pickaway County near the city of Circleville, this Native American mound sits along the Kingston Pike, southeast of Circleville in Circleville Township.</p><br>
<p>As one of the largest burial mounds in Pickaway County, the Luthor List Mound is believed to contain the skeletons of many leading members of the society that built it. The mound&#39;s location on top of a small ridge, far from major bodies of water, is indicative that it was built by Adenan peoples, who often buried their chieftains in mounds such as the Luthor List Mound. Such mounds were typically built in stages: individuals would be buried within small mounds, and the resulting mound cluster would be covered with earth and converted into a single large mound.</p><br>
<p>Unlike many of the region&#39;s conical mounds, the Luthor List Mound has seen very little damage since white settlement of the region. Located on a ridgeline, the mound sits at an elevation of 735 feet (224 m). With a diameter of at least 75 ft in all directions, it is 12 ft high; the erosion caused by the plows of past farmers has not damaged the Luthor List Mound because of its location — sitting atop the ridgeline and covered with trees, it is not an ideal farming location. In recognition of its archaeological value, the Luthor List Mound was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Fountain of Youth Archaeological Park is a privately owned 15 acre park in St. Augustine, Florida, located along Hospital Creek, part of the Intracoastal Waterway. It has been touted as the likely 1513 Florida landing site of Spanish explorer Ponce de Leon, although no evidence has been found to substantiate this claim. Recent research by amateur historian Douglas Peck has placed another possible landing site in the vicinity of Melbourne Beach in Brevard County. The park contains an artesian well claimed to be the freshwater source referred to by Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas in his Historia general de los hechos de los castellanos en las Islas y Tierra Firme del mar Océano and supposedly sought by Ponce de Leon, but there is no supporting evidence. Archaeological excavations made by Dr. Kathleen Deagan on the park&#39;s grounds in the 1990s uncovered remains of the first Spanish settlement and its fortifications in St. Augustine.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Beginning in the 1860s, there were a series of small attractions on the grounds of the present-day Fountain of Youth Archaeological Park. These attractions showcased a spring and the attractive grounds surrounding it. The attraction was enlarged by Luella Day McConnell in 1904. "Diamond Lil", as she was known, fabricated stories to amuse and appall the city’s residents and tourists until her accidental death in 1927.</p><br>
<p>The Park was purchased in 1927 by Walter B. Fraser, a Georgia resident who soon relocated to St. Augustine, Florida and became active in local politics. During the 1930s Fraser organized St. Augustine’s first formal restoration movement, which was the forerunner of the preservation program which eventually became the Historic St. Augustine Preservation Board. The park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.</p><br>
<p>From 1933–1943 Fraser served on the City Commission, the last seven of those years as mayor. During that time he purchased the Oldest Orange Grove and the Oldest School House. He built WFOY radio and purchased the Markland estate adjacent to the Ponce de Leon Hotel, and served in the Florida Senate from 1944–48.</p><br>
<p>The Grosse Pointe Academy is an independent day school located at 171 Lake Shore Drive in Grosse Pointe Farms, Michigan. Originally known as the Academy of the Sacred Heart, the campus buildings were designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1977 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. The school serves preschool through middle school .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The site on which the Grosse Pointe Academy now sits was originally a French ribbon farm running from Lake St. Clair to Ridge Road. In 1867, the Society of the Sacred Heart, an order of cloistered nuns, obtained the property, and the next year a small public school was built on the property.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1920s, recognizing the need for more space, the sisters sold off the portion of the farm beyond Grosse Pointe Boulevard and used the proceeds to build a new education building and renovate the chapel. Farming continued on the property until the 1940s. In 1969, the Sisters deeded the property to a lay Board of Trustees, who continued the educational mission of the school as the Grosse Pointe Academy, a co-educational day school.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Grosse Pointe Academy is situated on a long strip of land between Grosse Pointe Boulevard and Lake Shore Drive on Lake Saint Clair, and directly adjacent to Saint Paul Catholic Church (Grosse Pointe Farms, Michigan). Seven buildings are situated on the site, of which five are contributing structures to the historic district: an 1855 farmhouse, four large educational buildings dating from 1885 to 1930. The last two structures, a 1939 headmaster&#39;s house and a maintenance shed, are non-contributing.</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>The Grosse Pointe Academy is now a co-educational Catholic day school. The school enrolls children in a Montessori Early School (ages 2½-5), a Lower School (Grades 1-5), and a Middle School (Grades 6-8).</p><br>
<p>The Madison County Courthouse is in Winterset, Iowa. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 as a part of the County Courthouses in Iowa Thematic Resource. The courthouse is the third building the county has used for court functions and county administration.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The county&#39;s first courthouse was a log structure built in 1849 on Monumental Square in Winterset. The building was also used for a school, church, and resting spot for travelers. A stone courthouse was built and it included the jail on the second floor. It was destroyed in an 1875 fire.</p><br>
<p>The present courthouse was built in 1876. The Renaissance Revival structure has four wings which join to form a Greek cross. A silver-colored dome reaches a height of 136 feet (41.5 m) into the air and it contains a 1500-pound (680.4 kg) bell.</p><br>
<p>The Richard and Geraldine Hodgson House is a historic house at 881 Ponus Ridge Road in New Canaan, Connecticut. It is an International Style house that was built in 1951 to a design by Philip C. Johnson and Landis Gores. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>It is significant as an example of International Style architecture and for it being designed by prominent architect Johnson. It was designed in 1950-1951 and was built in two phases in 1950 and in 1955. It is U-shaped and has a garden court. The house is "simple without being stark or cold".</p><br>
<p>Gores was a partner in design for this house, but Johnson and Gores partnership broke up soon after this house, reportedly as Johnson was not interested in Gores ideas for this house, according to a biographer.</p><br>
<p>There are two contributing buildings on 5 acre included in the NRHP listing.</p><br>
<p>Guglielmo Marconi is a public artwork by Attilio Piccirilli, located at the intersection of 16th and Lamont Streets, N.W., in the Mount Pleasant neighborhood of Washington, D.C., United States. It stands as a tribute to Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi. It was paid for by public subscription and erected in 1941. The artwork was listed on both the District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites and the National Register of Historic Places in 2007. It is a contributing property in the Mount Pleasant Historic District. The monument was originally surveyed as part of the Smithsonian&#39;s Save Outdoor Sculpture! survey in 1994.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The sculpture features two bronze pieces. In the front is a bust of Marconi (approx. 40 x 30 x 16 in.) which sits on a rectangular Stony Creek granite base (approx. 95 x 32 x 18 in.). Behind the bust is the second bronze resting on another granite base (approx. 95 x 72 x 36 in.). The second bronze is an allegorist female figure sitting on a globe with her legs stretched out behind her. She points her proper left arm straight in front of her while her proper right arm is raised and bent at the elbow. She is naked with a small piece of drapery on her lap. According to Piccirilli she is "the Wave", representing "Marconi&#39;s contribution to science..."</p><br>
<p>The base housing the Marconi bust features the inscription on the proper left side:</p><br>
<p>On the same base&#39;s rear:</p><br>
<p>On the front of the base:</p><br>
<p>The statue is not without association to fascist art, since Marconi was strongly identified with Italian fascism, and Piccirilli subsequent work at the Rockefeller center in New York was criticized for using language appropriated by Mussolini.</p><br>
<h2>Acquisition</h2><br>
<p>The fund for the memorial was begun a year after Marconi&#39;s 1937 death. The total sculpture cost after completion was $32,555.</p><br>
<p>The Charles Ives House, also known as Charles Ives Birthplace, is located on Mountainville Avenue in Danbury, Connecticut, United States. It is a wooden frame structure built in 1780 and expanded on since. Over the course of the 19th century it was the residence of several generations of Iveses, a family important in the city&#39;s history. In 1874 it was the birthplace of Charles Ives, who became an internationally recognized composer in the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>It was originally on Main Street, but was moved twice when two local banks needed to expand. The second move took it to near the current location, west of Rogers Park. It was moved a third time to allow for the construction of a nearby school. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. Today it is owned by the Danbury Museum and Historical Society, which is seeking to restore it and reopen it as a museum.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The house is located on a seven-acre (3 ha) parcel on the east side of Mountainville Road just south of where Southern Boulevard splits off and Mountainville Avenue becomes Mountainville Road. It is south of Rogers Park and west of Rogers Park Junior High School. A small pond separates those two buildings. To the north the land is generally level and open, with single-family homes on the streets giving way to baseball diamonds in the park. South of the house the land rises to a hill and becomes wooded, with larger houses.</p><br>
<p>A driveway comes into the south side of the house, and large mature trees shelter its north. The building itself is a one-and-a-half-story wood frame structure on a brick foundation sided in clapboard with beaded corner boards in two sections. Two brick chimneys pierce the roof of the western wing.</p><br>
<p>The main section has a gambrel roof, with slightly overhanging eaves and raked cornice on its eastern side. The east (front) entrance is located in a gabled portico with its roof supported by two square fluted columns with similar capitals. Two Corinthinan pilasters join it to the house. Its closed pediment has a half-round molded dentil course. Three dormer windows with semicircular fanlights pierce the roof&#39;s lower slant at the front.</p><br>
<p>A western wing projects from the main block at that side. Connecting it and the main block on the north side is a small porch with square fluted columns similar to those on the front. Its southern roof pitch is greater than that on the north. On that elevation is a double-windowed dormer without the fanlight. On the south side of the wing is a small one-story, three-bay addition with a wheelchair ramp. A shed-roofed porch is on the west side.</p><br>
<p>The interior has been extensively altered. Almost no original finishes are left. The woodwork is plain Victorian. The house is floored in uniform width tongue and groove boards and the walls appear to be lath and plaster.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The main section was built by Thomas Tucker in 1780, as the Revolutionary War was ending. At that time Danbury was a small area of houses and shops around a Congregationalist church on what is today Main Street. Tucker ran a private school out of the house as well.</p><br>
<p>In 1828, Isaac Ives bought the house. He was in his 80s at the time, and it would become identified with the family primarily due to his son George White Ives. At informal gatherings in the house, the younger Ives would help found the Danbury and Norwalk Railroad, still in use today as the Danbury Branch of Metro-North&#39;s New Haven Line, and the Savings Bank of Danbury, one of the earliest local banks.</p><br>
<p>Other Ives descendants sat on the board of what became the Danbury Fair and Danbury Hospital. George Edward Ives fought in the Civil War with the 1st Connecticut Heavy Artillery during the Overland Campaign. Lyman Brewster, who married into the family, met in the house with Woodrow Wilson while drafting the Negotiable Instruments Act. The Iveses also developed side streets off Main, one of which is now named for the family, as the settlement grew into a city by the end of the century. They also added the wing on the house and redecorated its interior in accordance with the taste of the times.</p><br>
<p>Charles Ives was born in the house in 1874, while it was still located at 210 Main Street. While he was still in early childhood his family moved to Stevens Street, but they came back for frequent family occasions, which often included playing classical music on the piano. Even after he went to Yale University and lived in places other than Danbury for the rest of his life, he often returned to the family home. In 1924 the front dormers were added, the year the Iveses moved the house to Chapel Place, just behind the first site, so the Danbury National Bank could expand. Charles and his brother also felt that, in a neighborhood that was by then heavily commercial, it had lost the aura that had helped inspire his music.</p><br>
<p>Ives still visited the house frequently over the rest of his life, even after he gave up composing and moved to nearby West Redding, where he died in 1954. It is the only extant former residence of his that is connected to his musical career, since the two houses where he lived in Hartsdale, New York, during most of his productive years are no longer in existence. After his death his sister-in-law remained in the house until her death in 1964.</p><br>
<p>Three years later, in 1967, another bank, Fairfield County Trust, wanted to expand the parking lot the house was adjacent to. The bank conveyed the house to the Danbury Historical Society, which bought a 14 acre site south of Rogers Park and moved it to Memorial Drive, since it was too small to be added to the museum&#39;s existing property at the John Rider House. It was moved for the last time in 1971, four years later, when the local school district wanted to build Rogers Park Junior High School. To facilitate this move, the schools leased the eastern seven acres from the museum for 99 years with an option to renew. The Danbury Museum & Historical Society Authority is fundraising to rehabilitate the house and open it as a museum. Phase I (restoration of the exterior) was completed in 2016. Phase II, the rehabilitation of the interior, is scheduled to begin in 2017.</p><br>
<p>The Lewis June House, also known as the Scott House, is a historic house at 478 North Salem Road in Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA. Built c. 1865, it is one of a small number of Second Empire houses in Ridgefield. It is a wood frame structure, 2-1/2 stories in height, with a mansard roof pierced by gabled dormers with elaborate trim. The eaves are studded with heavy decorative brackets. The center bay of the main facade projects, and a single-story porch extends further, supported by groups of square columns, with decorative capitals and bracketing. Lewis June, the builder, was involved in the circus business, and wintered some of his circus ponies on the property.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Mechanics Bank and Trust Company Building is an office building located at 612 South Gay Street in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. Built in 1907 for the Mechanics Bank and Trust Company, the building now houses offices for several law firms and financial agencies. The building&#39;s facade was constructed with locally quarried marble, and is designed in the Second Renaissance Revival style. In 1983, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places for its architectural significance.</p><br>
<p>The Mechanics National Bank was chartered in 1882, and moved into a building at what is now 612 South Gay that same year. Within a few months of opening, the banks president, Thomas OConnor, was killed in a notorious shootout. In 1907, after the bank reorganized as the Mechanics Bank and Trust, it built the first three floors of the current Mechanics Bank building. The Union National Bank absorbed Mechanics Bank in 1922, and added the top two stories the following year. The building later housed a branch of the Hamilton National Bank (headquartered in the nearby Holston building). In the early 1980s, the building was home to the City and County Bank,</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The Mechanics Bank building is a six-story (five floors and a mezzanine) rectangular building that measures roughly 145 ft by 32 ft. The building&#39;s facade (facing Gay Street) is constructed of locally quarried Tennessee marble, while the sides and rear of the building are constructed of brick and reinforced concrete. The building originally consisted of three floors and a mezzanine. In 1923, two more floors were added, with the builders carefully following the original design scheme. An elevator penthouse was added to the roof several decades later.</p><br>
<p>The design of the Mechanics Bank building is derived from the Second Renaissance Revival style. Six Ionic capitals span the buildings three-bay main floor facade, with the middle two capitals resting atop marble columns that flank either side of the recessed entrance. A heavy cornice separates the main floor facade from the facade of the upper floors. The main entrance is a high archway topped by a pedimental hood. The central bay of the upper floors facade is recessed, with balustrades spanning the recess between the first and second floors and the third and fourth floors, and a stylized cornice with a central arm-and-hammer symbol (the Mechanics Bank symbol) above the top floor.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the building has been extensively remodeled, although some original features remain. The buildings entry foyer contains pink marble walls, and two marble columns flank the lobbys central entrance. The lobby itself still retains some original marble wainscoting and plaster beams. Nine columns border the two-story lobby of the first floor suite with crown molding and a large mezzanine above the original bank vault that has been remodeled and now serves the purpose of a kitchen.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Early history of the property</h3><br>
<p>The land on which the Mechanics&#39; Bank building is now situated (612 South Gay Street) was originally part of the property set aside by James White and Charles McClung for Blount College (now the University of Tennessee) in the early 1790s. The Bank of Tennessee (1812&ndash;1828) was the first financial institution to occupy the site.</p><br>
<h3>Mechanics' Bank and Trust</h3><br>
<p>In 1882, the East Tennessee National Bank moved to a new building, and the Mechanics National Bank, chartered that same year, moved into the older building at 612 Gay Street. The banks first officers were Thomas OConnor (president), Edward J. Sanford (vice president), and Samuel House (cashier). In October 1882, OConnor was killed in a shootout with Knoxville entrepreneur Joseph Mabry that took place in front of the bank. The shootout, in which Mabry and his son were also killed, made national headlines, and was mentioned in Mark Twain&#39;s book, Life on the Mississippi.</p><br>
<p>After OConnors death, Sanford served as the bank&#39;s president until 1883, when Knoxville businessman and future mayor Samuel B. Luttrell (1844&ndash;1933) was named president. Luttrell remained president of the bank for several decades. In 1900, the book, Standard History of Knoxville, reported that the bank had assets of $100,000 in capital, $110,000 in surplus, $500,000 in deposits, and $425,000 in loans and discounts.</p><br>
<p>In 1907, Mechanics National Bank abandoned its national charter and reorganized as the state-chartered Mechanics Bank and Trust Company, which built the current Mechanics Bank and Trust Company Building. Mechanics Bank was absorbed by Union National Bank in 1922, and Union National (which added the buildings two top floors in 1923) was in turn absorbed by Holston-Union National Bank in 1928. After Holston-Union failed in 1930, it was replaced by the Hamilton National Bank, which operated a branch out of the Mechanics Bank building for several decades.</p><br>
<h3>Later history</h3><br>
<p>During the 1950s, the top floor of the Mechanics&#39; Bank building hosted the studios of radio station WROL-AM, which was known for its promoter and host, Cas Walker. The Everly Brothers were among the most well-known artists to perform regularly for the station during this period.</p><br>
<p>In the 1970s, banking entrepreneur Jake Butcher acquired control of Hamilton National Bank, and renamed it United American Bank. The Mechanics Bank building then became a branch of the City and County Bank, headed by Butchers brother, C. H. Butcher. In 1983, after federal investigators charged the Butcher brothers with bank fraud, the City and County Bank, along with the other Butcher banks, collapsed. The building has since been renovated as an office building.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph W. Bettendorf House, located at 1821 Sunset Drive, Bettendorf, Iowa is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Built as a private home, the building now houses a private school named Rivermont Collegiate.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Joseph and his brother William P. Bettendorf were industrialists in Davenport, Iowa before their factory burned to the ground in 1902 and they moved their operation to the small town of Gilbert, Iowa, which would rename itself Bettendorf the following year. Both men built large homes in the town of Bettendorf in the early 20th century. William, born in 1857, built his home first on a 22 acre estate. It was completed for about $150,000 about the year 1910, but he died before it was finished. His wife and stepson lived in the residence until 1926 when it was sold to the Grand Lodge of Iowa, AF & AM, and became the Iowa Masonic Nursing Home.</p><br>
<p>Joseph Bettendorf, born in 1864, built a 28-room house from 1914-1915. Craftsmen were brought from Europe to build the home which contained marble fireplaces, marble and hardwood floors, ornate ceilings, paneling made from different woods, crystal chandeliers and lead glass windows. There is a glass covered marquee, which covers the front entrance on the north side of the home. A grand staircase on the south side of the house, leads through a terraced, landscaped garden, and is flanked by statues of guard dogs. The entire third floor was a ballroom. The basement held a card room, gymnasium, billiard room and two bowling allies.</p><br>
<p>The estate was entered through a winding driveway off of Mississippi Boulevard. Its 17 acre housed tennis courts, stables, a greenhouse, carriage house, and a yard to raise chickens. There were formal gardens on the north side of the property that surrounded a pond with a fountain. East of the main house was a swimming pool, which has since been filled in, and a bathhouse, which is now a private home.</p><br>
<p>The house was sold to a religious order of men in the Catholic Church called the Marists in 1959. They used the building for a seminary. In 1973 the house was sold to St. Katharines St. Marks School, a college prep school operated by the Episcopal Diocese of Iowa. In 1980 the school amicably split with the church, and in 2001 it changed its name to Rivermont Collegiate. Over the years buildings were added to the property for use by the school. The Bettendorf Home houses the upper school and offices.</p><br>
<p>First United Methodist Church is a historic congregation of the United Methodist Church in downtown London, Ohio, United States. Founded in London&#39;s earliest years, the congregation worships in a historic church building that was built in the 1890s.</p><br>
<h2>Congregational history</h2><br>
<p>A small group of individuals formed a congregation of the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1813 or 1814, very soon after London was platted. In its earliest years, the societys members worshipped in each others homes, and preaching was rare; London&#39;s church was part of a circuit of twenty-four Methodist preaching stations. In 1820, the congregation built a log church building on a downtown corner lot; it was the first church building in London. After twenty years, the congregation decided to move. Obtaining property a few blocks away, they built a larger frame church, 60 ft on each side, and a brick parsonage.</p><br>
<p>During the 1860s, the congregation saw many changes. In 1860, the pastors responsibilities were reduced; except for Kingsley Chapel, a small church near London, he was no longer assigned to serve any churches other than London, and Kingsley later closed. The same year saw the completion of a new brick church building, which was placed on the site of the frame church building; measuring 90 ft by 40 ft, it cost $7,500 to build. Other buildings were erected in the following few years: a new parsonage was completed in 1863, and a small chapel was added to the churchs rear in 1866 by the gift of a member.</p><br>
<p>Among the congregation&#39;s leading past members was Jeriah Swetland, prominent local businessman and state representative.</p><br>
<h2>Church building</h2><br>
<p>Continued growth produced a need for a fourth church building, and the third building was sold in the early 1890s. Buying a house at 52 N. Main Street, the congregation moved it to a nearby empty lot and renovated it for use as a parsonage. With the houses original location now empty, a larger church was erected on the site. At the time of its dedication on November 18, 1894, it had cost $45,000 to build. This church remains in use to the present day. Designed by the architectural firm of Crapsey and Brown, it was built in a combination of the Gothic Revival and Jacobean Revival architectural styles. The churchs brick and sandstone walls rests on a foundation of sandstone; they are topped with an asphalt roof, and the building is decorated with wooden and glass elements.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition</h2><br>
<p>In 1996, First United Methodist was listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its well-preserved historic architecture.</p><br>
<p>Today, First United Methodist is a part of the Capitol Area South District of the West Ohio Conference of the United Methodist Church. In 2010, it was served by two ministers: Steven Rodgers and Sue McClelland.</p><br>
<p>Fort Pemberton was one of the larger confederate forts was constructed in the defense of Charleston, South Carolina during the American Civil War. When Charleston was overwhelmed by Union forces in 1861, it became evident that control of the western regions of James Island and the Stono River was to be an important element in the defense of the city. Confederate military authorities of the time believed that Union occupation of James Island would leave Charleston subject to attack from the southeast. From this position the city would assuredly fall to the Union. Although there were many gun batteries in place along the south and east side of James Island, Fort Pemberton was the only fortress in defense of this region.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The construction of Fort Pemberton employed largely slave labor drawn from the neighboring plantations. The fort was of earthen construction, except for the framing over the earth-covered shot furnace and powder magazines, which were suspected to be of being wood. The fort&#39;s original section was constructed in 1862 by order of Confederate Brig. General John C. Pemberton, who was at the time commander of the Charleston defenses and had the distinction of having the fort named for him. The fort was a heavily fortified structure. It represented an evolved example of Confederate military engineering.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s shape was pentagonal, with bastions along the perimeter. The fort measured approximately 400 feet by 350 feet with walls 10 to 12 feet high and 20 feet thick at the base. An additional 700-foot-long rampart was constructed the following year which directly flanked the original section on the southeast.</p><br>
<h2>Defenses</h2><br>
<p>The fort was designed to function as both a land and water battery. By October 1862, the forts armament included 20 guns of various calibers. The forts position was to deny Federal gun boat attack from the Stono River which ran along the western shores of James Island. Union gunboats continued to have dominance of portions of the Stono river out of range of Fort Pemberton&#39;s guns. In addition, the fort had complete control of the critical Wappoo Creek that meandered eastward into the Ashley River which borders Charleston to the west.</p><br>
<p>In addition to guarding against water access, the fort was also designed as a land battery. As an enclosed structure, many of Fort Pembertons guns faced inland in the event of a land attack. Fort Pemberton served as the western anchor of James Islands shore defense.</p><br>
<h2>Condition</h2><br>
<p>The fort has remained essentially intact since its completion in 1863 and is presently covered with a substantial growth of pines and other indigenous trees. Its setting gives the fort a park-like appearance. Intrusions on the property are several residences which do not significantly alter the integrity of the fort. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Zaleski Mound Group is a collection of three burial mounds in the village of Zaleski, Ohio, United States. Built by people of the prehistoric Adena culture, these earthworks are valuable archaeological sites.</p><br>
<h2>Mound 1, Ranger Station</h2><br>
<p>The largest of the three Zaleski mounds, the Ranger Station Mound is a conical structure located within the bounds of Zaleski State Forest. Located in a community park by the entrance to the forest, the mound is tree-covered with few changes from its original state. At a height of 14.4 ft, it is the largest mound in the Zaleski Mound Group.</p><br>
<p>In the 1850s, local residents dug into the mound and placed a cold cellar on its northern side; in the process, they uncovered a skeleton that was given into the possession of a local doctor. The changing needs of the state forest led the Ohio Department of Natural Resources to remove the cellar in 1959; after the intrusion was taken out of its place, the mound was restored to its original shape. In spite of the digging needed to create the cellar, the Ranger Station Mound is the best-preserved of the mounds in the Zaleski Group. No archaeological excavation has ever been carried out at Mound No. 3, the Methodist Church Mound, but it has possibly been damaged by the construction of a fence line. Due to its size and location, the Ranger Station Mound may contain more valuable artifacts than either of the other two mounds.</p><br>
<h2>Mound 2, Markham</h2><br>
<p>The Markham Mound is a privately owned structure. Despite its proximity to the other two mounds, no evidence is present of any ancient village site near the mound.</p><br>
<h2>Mound 3, Methodist Church</h2><br>
<p>The Zaleski Methodist Church Mound is a wide, low mound in the shape of an ellipse. Measuring 60 ft long and 53 ft wide, it is only slightly more than 7 ft tall. At the time of white settlement, it may have been taller; the presence of evidence of a fence across the top suggests that the activity of settlers may have reduced it.</p><br>
<p>Located immediately behind the Zaleski United Methodist Church, it may be the most valuable of the six mounds that originally composed the Zaleski Mound Group. Three of the six have been destroyed, while both the Ranger Station Mound and the Markham Mound have been disturbed since the time of white settlement. As the Zaleski Methodist Church Mound shows little evidence of damage, it presumably contains the grave goods that were originally buried within.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition</h2><br>
<p>In 1974, the three mounds were listed on the National Register of Historic Places: Mound 2 on May 3, and the others on July 15. All three received this designation because they were seen as important archaeological sites for understanding the Adena people that built them. The three mounds that have been destroyed were not listed, because archaeological sites that have been greatly disturbed are not eligible for inclusion on the Register. The Register also includes one other archaeological site in Vinton County and one building in Zaleski: a mound near Londonderry known as the "Ratcliffe Mound," and the Masonic Lodge No. 472 respectively.</p><br>
<p>Blackledge-Kearney House, also known as Cornwallis&#39; Headquarters, is located within the Palisades Interstate Park in Alpine, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The original, southern portion of the house was probably built in the 1760s, and the northern addition built around 1840. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 24, 1984. Lord Cornwallis was believed to have used the house as a temporary headquarters during his crossing of the Hudson River in 1776, but modern historians dispute this claim.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built at Closter Landing in the 1760s. Maria Blackledge, the daughter of Benjamin Blackledge lived in the house with her husband Daniel Van Sciver. The house was purchased in 1817 by James and Rachel Kearney. James died in 1831 and Rachel used the house as a tavern. The house was expanded to accommodate the tavern. In 1907 the house was purchased by the Palisades Interstate Park. The house was used as a police station for the park in the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>The park now uses the house as a museum known as Kearney House.</p><br>
<p>Haring-Corning House, is located in Rockleigh, Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built in 1741 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 8, 1985.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original section of the house was built in 1741 by Abraham D. Haring. A large Dutch Colonial style addition was built onto the house in 1828. Samuel B. Corning purchased the house in 1856. Jenkins Sloat purchased the house in 1870 and operated a sawmill on the property. William L. Tait, who was the first mayor of Rockleigh owned the house from 1913 to 1930. Tait added a wing to the house, a veranda and extended the central dormer. The Rose Haven School for girls used the house as living space from 1930 until 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Ratcliffe Mound  is a Native American mound in the southeastern part of the USA state of Ohio. Located in western Vinton County,</p><br>
<p>Unlike those of many Native American mounds, the identity of the Ratcliffe Mounds builders is unknown. Two cultures from the Woodland period, the Adena and Hopewell, built large numbers of mounds in southeastern Ohio, and the Adena are known to have built a group of six mounds in the Vinton County village of Zaleski, but the Ratcliffe Mound lacks features that enable archaeologists to identify its builders. Neither of these two cultures typically built mounds in locations such as that of the Ratcliffe, and no identifiable artifacts have been found in the vicinity of the mound, so no identification can be made in the mounds present state. Furthermore, no archaeological excavation has been conducted at the Ratcliffe Mound, so no artifacts have been recovered from it.</p><br>
<p>Despite the inability of archaeologists to classify the mound&#39;s origins, it is likely to be a valuable archaeological site if investigated. In recognition of its archaeological value, the Ratcliffe Mound was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Granite Wash Mountains are a short, arid, low elevation mountain range of western-central Arizona, in the southeast of La Paz County. The range borders a slightly larger range southeast, the Little Harquahala Mountains; both ranges form a section on the same water divide between two desert washes. The washes flow in opposite directions, one northwest to the Colorado River, the other southeast to the Gila River.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The range is northwest-by-southeast trending and is in a region of about thirty landforms, plains, valleys, and mountain ranges, called the Maria fold and thrust belt. The region is in the Basin and Range and three mountain ranges are in a parallel, northwest-by-southeast trending thrust belt, with two intervening valleys. The Granite Wash Mountains are attached to the southwest end of the Harcuvar Mountains, the center range of the 3 basin and range-thrusted mountains.</p><br>
<p>The Granite Wash range is on the same water divide as the Little Harquahala&#39;s and at the southwest end of the McMullen Valley; to the east, the range and water divide forces the upland drainage areas of the Centennial Wash to turn from southwest- to southeast-flowing towards the Gila River at the Gila Bend Mountains. To the west of the Granite Wash Mountains, the Bouse Wash flows northwest to the Colorado River, in the Lower Colorado River Valley.</p><br>
<h2>Maria fold and thrust belt</h2><br>
<p>The three mountain ranges and two valleys bordered to the northeast:</p><br>
<p>Buckskin Mountains</p><br>
<p>Butler Valley (Arizona)</p><br>
<p>Harcuvar Mountains</p><br>
<p>McMullen Valley</p><br>
<p>Harquahala Mountains</p><br>
<h2>Peaks, and landforms</h2><br>
<p>The highest elevation in the mountains is Salome Peak at 3,991 ft, in the range&#39;s center. Salome Peak is located at 33.8398&deg;N latitude, 113.7119&deg;W longitude.</p><br>
<p>Granite Wash Pass is located at the northwest end of the southern mountain pair, the Little Harquahala&#39;s; Hope is west and Harcuvar, Arizona is east. The pass contains the Arizona and California Railroad line, as well as USA Route 60 in Arizona form Brenda at Interstate 10 in Arizona, and the route northeast to Aguila, then to Wickenburg, on USA 93.</p><br>
<h3>Bouse Wash, Centennial Wash</h3><br>
<p>The Granite Wash and Little Harquahala Mountains are on the northwest by southeast water divide between two washes. The Bouse Wash flows northwest to the Colorado River; Centennial Wash (Maricopa County) is east and flows southeast to meet the Gila River at the great Gila Bend, adjacent the Gila Bend Mountains.</p><br>
<p>The Gila Bend Mountains are a 35-mile  long mountain range of the north-central Sonoran Desert southwest of Phoenix, Arizona and in southwest Maricopa County.</p><br>
<p>The Gila River of New Mexico and Arizona transects the entire state of Arizona, and the watershed covers about 65% of Arizona. The famous Gila Bend of the river changes the west-southwest flow to south-flowing, then back to west-flowing. Painted Rock Reservoir and the Dendora Valley are nestled at the south of the Gila Bend Mountains, the monolith which causes the diversion of the Gila Bend. Gila Bend, Arizona is located at the southeast of the bend, on Interstate 8.</p><br>
<p>Centennial Wash borders the north of the range and has its junction with the Gila River in the Arlington State Wildlife Area.</p><br>
<h2>Peaks, and landforms</h2><br>
<p>The highest elevation in the mountains is Woolsey Peak at 3,170 ft, in the range&#39;s center-east. Two peaks are slightly west. In the north-center, Signal Peak, at 2,182 ft, anchors the center of the small Signal Mountain Wilderness. The peak south is Bunyan Peat at 2,410 ft. Bunyan and Woolsey Peak slightly east are part of the larger Woolsey Peak Wilderness. Bunyan Peak is located at 33.1142&deg;N latitude, 112.9652&deg;W longitude. Woolsey Peak is located at 33.167266&deg;N latitude, 112.9652&deg;W longitude. The closest access town to Woolsey Peak is Arlington, Arizona.</p><br>
<p>The Hope Furnace is a historic blast furnace in the southeastern part of the USA state of Ohio. Located along State Route 278, approximately 5 mi northeast of the village of Zaleski,</p><br>
<p>Like many other iron furnaces in southeastern Ohio, Hope Furnace was surrounded by a community of at least three hundred residents at its height. The production of iron and the supply of the materials required for iron smelting required a large number of workers, and during a furnace&#39;s years of operation, it was the center of a temporary community. No buildings from the community remain to the present day: when the furnace closed, the workers dispersed, and the buildings collapsed or were demolished.</p><br>
<p>Today, Hope Furnace is part of Lake Hope State Park. Because of its importance in local history, the furnace was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. It was the second place in Vinton County to be added to the Register, being preceded only by the Ponn Humpback Covered Bridge.</p><br>
<p>The Cong Burn is a small river in County Durham, England. It has its origin in a number of streams, among them Wheatley Green Burn, that rise on the southern and eastern slopes of Wheatley Hill, north of the village of Burnhope, and other streams, principally Whiteside Burn, that have their source on the southern slopes of Wheatley Hill and the northern slopes of Taylor&#39;s Hill, just east of Burnhope.</p><br>
<p>These streams come together in the vicinity of West Edmondsley to form the Cong Burn, which flows in a broadly easterly or northeasterly direction, around the northern flank of Waldridge Fell and the western edge of Chester-le-Street, before flowing through the town to join the River Wear immediately east of the town.</p><br>
<p>In 1932, the lower reach of the burn, where it passes through the centre of Chester-le-Street, was channelled into a covered concrete culvert, which passes beneath the town&#39;s Market Place.</p><br>
<p>The Peter Huyler House is located on what is known as the Captain John Huyler Homestead at 50 County Road between Palisades Avenue and Crest Drive North in Cresskill, Bergen County, New Jersey. In 1776, the property was part of a 180 acre farm which belonged to Loyalist John Ackerson or Eckerson. It was confiscated in 1779 because of Ackersons loyalty to the British, and sold in 1784 to Captain John Huyler of the local militia. Huylers son Peter built the main wing of the current house in 1836, according to the date stone over the door, with what was described by the Bergen County Stone House Survey as "some of the finest stonework in Bergen County". The outbuilding was most probably a summer kitchen, with quarters for slaves.</p><br>
<p>Records show that by 1876, the site was owned by George Huyler, and in 1912 by his estate.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the New Jersey Register of Historic Places in 1980, and to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Minsener Oog, also Minser Oog or Minsener Oldeoog, is an uninhabited East Frisian island that belongs to the parish of Wangerooge in the north German district of Friesland in the state of Lower Saxony. It has been artificially enlarged through the construction of groynes.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The island is located just two kilometres southeast of the island of Wangerooge, from which it is separated by the creek of Blaue Balje, and four kilometres north of the mainland. The nearest towns on the mainland are Minsen and Schillig. The island&#39;s landowner is the Wilhelmshaven Water and Shipping Authority (Wasser- und Schifffahrtsamt Wilhelmshaven or WSA).</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The name of the isle comes from the village of Minsen which lies opposite it on the mainland. There is a legend that Minsen was originally established on the island of Minsener Oog. The fishermen of the village caught a mermaid with the lower body of a fish, which then had the village drowned by a flood in revenge. Although this tradition is historically extremely doubtful, there is in Minsen a bronze sculpture of the Minsen Seewiefken, which is also the emblem on the coat of arms for the parish of Wangerland.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Minsener Oog was formed from the Minsener Oog sandbanks and the Olde Oog or Steen Plate sandbank, 200 to 300 metres to the south. In 1906 the Wilhelmshaven Marine Construction Authority erected groynes and embankments on the Olde Oog and dams to prevent the channel of the River Jade from silting up. This was intended to keep the channel to Wilhelmshaven clear of sand drifting from east to west, especially for the fleet of the German Imperial Navy. On the original 7 km sand bank of Olde Oog there was a small area of dunes, as on Minsener Oog. By building long connecting groynes the sand was held back and formed a "fore-dune" which quickly established itself as a breeding ground for seabirds.</p><br>
<p>Originally it was planned to connect Wangerooge with Minsener Olde-Oog, to prevent the erosion of Wangerooge. In the 1930s, this project was temporarily reinstated, but the events of war prevented further work in this direction. After the Second World War, the British occupation forces tried to render Wilhelmshaven unusable as a naval base by letting the Jade estuary silt up completely. A major embankment on Minsener Oog was blown up, but no further action was taken.</p><br>
<h2>Present state</h2><br>
<p>To keep the Jade channel clear, a new large-scale dune island was formed in the 1970s. Between 1975 and 1978 about 10 million m of dredged material was dumped from the Jade channel thus increasingly enlarging the southern part of the island. This now has sand dunes up to 12 m high and is covers an area of about 370 hectares. Through the planting of beachgrass, erosion could be largely contained. The island is 4.5 km long from north-south, and up to 1.5 km wide.</p><br>
<p>After the Second World War, the Wilhelmshaven Water and Shipping Authority (WSA) was particularly active on the Minsener Oog. Two groyne wardens did shift work looking after the various maintenance tasks on the island. In addition to the radar tower built in 1976, a larger accommodation facility was erected in the form of pile dwellings for the WSA&#39;s staff.</p><br>
<p>At the end of the groyne A in the north there is still a small flak tower made of concrete, which was built during the Second World War and served as a lighthouse until 1998. In 1998, the Wilhelmshaven Water and Shipping Authority (WSA) gave up its permanent presence on the island for reasons of cost and only deploys staff as needed.</p><br>
<p>Since the automation of the beacon, however, only a bird warden from the Mellumrat resides on Minsener Oog during the summer (breeding season), who shares the living quarters of the water and shipping authority. The island is considered one of the most important research areas for the Institute of Avian Research (Institut für Vogelforschung).</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<p>Lighthouse keepers who used to live on the island introduced rabbits as living a food reserve. As a major breeding site for seabirds, the island was placed under protection in 1959.</p><br>
<p>Breeding birds in 2004 were the herring gull, lesser black-backed gull, common gull, common tern, Arctic tern, Sandwich tern and little tern, as well as the magpie, carrion crow and swallow. While the numbers of terns amount to more than 2,000 pairs, only a few pairs of the little tern were noted. Shelduck and stock dove have bred in the rabbit holes.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>In the summer months mudflat hikes are conducted from Schillig on the mainland to the island. But, for conservation reasons, only a small part of the island may be entered The whole island is a nature reserve and belongs to the "quiet zone" of the Lower Saxon Wadden Sea National Park.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>Coldewey, Tim (2004). Anthropogener Eingriff in die maritime Morphodynamik einer unbewohnten Nordseeinsel. Wilhelmshaven</p><br>
<p>Friedrich, Ernst Andreas (1982). Gestaltete Naturdenkmale Niedersachsens, Landbuch-Verlag, Hanover,</p><br>
<p>Foulk Fjord is a fjord in the Qaasuitsup municipality in northwestern Greenland.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Located near Reindeer Point, the fjord is about 1.5 mi wide and several miles long with 2,000 ft cliffs on each side. Brother John&#39;s Glacier terminates at the eastern end of the fjord. At the foot of the glacier is Lake Alida, a small body of frozen fresh water. The northern end of Baffin Bay west of the former village of Etah, narrows into Nares Strait between Greenland and Ellesmere Island, and is usually frozen from October to July. Given the harsh climate, the growing season in the fjord is limited to about six to eight weeks.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area lies on the ancient migration route from the north of the Canadian Arctic, with several waves of ancient migrants passing through the area, from the northbound Independence I and Independence II cultures 4,400 and 2,700 years ago, respectively, to the southbound Thule culture migrants a thousand years ago. It is also the point where the last migration of the Inuit from Baffin Island reached the coast of Greenland in 1865. An Inuit shaman named Qidlaq led the migrants from Baffin Island alongside the coast of Ellesmere Island for seven years, crossing the strait and fjord to Etah. The group split there, with some returning to Pond Inlet in Canada at a cost of many lives. Inhabitants of Pituffik, later relocated to Qaanaaq, are partially descended from this last group of Arctic migrants to Greenland.</p><br>
<p>Kangerlussuatsiaq Fjord  is a fjord in the Qeqqata municipality in western Greenland. Taking its source in the tidewater glaciers draining the Maniitsoq ice cap, the fjord flows in a deep canyon through a mountainous, uninhabited region, emptying into Davis Strait near the settlement of Kangaamiut.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Kangerlussuatsiaq Fjord is 75 km long and 700 m deep. The head of the fjord is formed by two tributaries. Qingua Kujalleq, the southern arm, is a short icefjord flowing northwestward, with its head at 65&deg;55&prime;07&Prime;N latitude, 51&deg;41&prime;57&Prime;W longitude. Qingua Avannarleq, the northern arm, flowing southwestward from the Kangerlussuatsiaup Qingua valley, blocked at the end by glacier outflow from the Maniitsoq ice cap, now separated from the Greenland ice sheet (Sermersuaq), at 66&deg;05&prime;00&Prime;N latitude, 51&deg;42&prime;35&Prime;W longitude.</p><br>
<p>After the confluence the fjord heads to the southwest, bounded from both sides by mountain cliffs exceeding 2,000 m.</p><br>
<p>The canyon of the fjord turns 90 degrees to the northwest at 65&deg;52&prime;30&Prime;N latitude, 52&deg;19&prime;30&Prime;W longitude, and then again southwestward, at the confluence with small icefjords flowing from glaciers draining Maniitsoq ice cap at 65&deg;56&prime;30&Prime;N latitude, 52&deg;39&prime;00&Prime;W longitude. The largest glacier in that area is Sermitsiaq Glacier, falling into two separate fjords: Kangerlussuatsiaq Fjord in the south and Kangaamiut Kangerluarsuat Fjord in the north.</p><br>
<p>After that point the fjord widens, while the mountain cliffs are half as high as in the central section. The fjord opens into Davis Strait, with its mouth dotted with several skerries.</p><br>
<h2>Settlement</h2><br>
<p>The forbidding nature of the fjord surroundings preclude settlement for the majority of its length. Kangaamiut is the only settlement in the vicinity, located on a small island at the northern end of the fjord mouth.</p><br>
<h2>Hydropower</h2><br>
<p>There are advanced plans for the Alcoa aluminium smelting plant in the Qeqqata municipality. Maniitsoq, the second-largest town in the municipality, is one of the proposed locations, alongside the municipal center in Sisimiut. The plant would provide employment for 600–700 people, or more than 10 percent of the population. As it is a vital decision for the town, wide public consultations were carried out in 2008–2010 by both the town authorities and the Government of Greenland in order to address potential environmental and social concerns.</p><br>
<p>A hydroelectric power plant at the source of the Majorqaq river would yield an estimated energy output of 1,000 gigawatts per year. Combined with the second plant near Kangerlussuatsiaq Fjord with 3,170 gigawatts per year, the energy would be sufficient to power the aluminium plant near Maniitsoq. The ultimate decision as to the location of the plant has not yet been taken.</p><br>
<p>Wellscroft is a historic estate complex located at Upper Jay in Essex County, New York. It was built in 1903 and is a large and distinguished Tudor Revival–style summer estate home. It is a long, -story, rectangular-shaped building with several projecting bays, porches, gables and dormers, a porte cochere and a service wing. The rear facade features a large semi-circular projection. The first-story exterior is faced in native fieldstone. The interior features a number of Arts and Crafts style design features. Also on the property are a power house, fire house, gazebo, root cellar, reservoir, ruins of the caretaker&#39;s house and carriage house, and the remains of the landscaped grounds.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Essex County Home and Farm, also known as Whallonsburg County Home and Infirmary, is a historic almshouse and infirmary located at Whallonsburg in Essex County, New York. The property include seven contributing buildings and one contributing site. The core of the complex is a homogeneous cluster of four brick buildings on fieldstone foundations. The largest is the Home Building, a 2-story dormitory originally constructed in 1860. Located nearby are a milk house and dining / kitchen building. The -story infirmary building was built in 1899. Farm buildings include an equipment shed / garage, dairy barn, and hog-chicken house. Also on the property is the institution&#39;s cemetery site. The home and infirmary ceased operation in 1980.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Hand–Hale Historic District is a national historic district located at Elizabethtown in Essex County, New York. The district contains seven contributing buildings. It encompasses the Hand House and Law Office, the Hale House and Law Office, and dependencies associated with both properties.</p><br>
<p>The Hand House is an elegantly formal, two-story Greek Revival style dwelling built in 1849. The Hand Law Office was built before 1830 as a modest frame building and enlarged in 1865 with a brick addition.</p><br>
<p>The Hale House was built originally in 1814 and modified extensively in the 1850 to 1870 period. It is a rambling, two-story frame dwelling. The Hale Law Office is a modest, one-story gable-roofed structure with a portico. The remaining buildings are a garage, Hale Barn Complex, and caretaker&#39;s cottage.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Urishay Castle Chapel is a redundant chapel to the north of Urishay Castle, some 2.5 km west of the village of Peterchurch in Herefordshire, England. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building, and is under the care of the Friends of Friendless Churches. The chapel is a Scheduled Monument, and is on the Heritage at Risk Register.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The chapel is built in the bailey of Urishay Castle. The nave dates from the early 12th century, and an extension forming the chancel was added in the late 12th century. Alterations were made to the chapel in the 16th and 17th centuries. In later years it had a number of uses, including being a blacksmiths forge,a carpenters shop and a dog kennel.</p><br>
<p>By the early part of the 20th century it was a ruin. Following a report by the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings some work was carried out and it was re-dedicated for public worship on 29 June 1914. However it was closed again in 1923. By 1949 it was again a ruin, with holes in the roof and leaning walls. In 1978 it was vested in the charity the Friends of Friendless Churches, its freehold being dated 26 July 1978. The charity carried out a programme of repairs which were completed in 2009, including rebuilding much of the walling, but the building is still only partly roofed. In 1914 traces of wall paintings were reported, but these have completely disappeared. In the 1980s evidence was found of a number of infant burials, although there have never been any adult burials in the chapel.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The chapel is constructed in stone rubble with a stone slate roof. It is in two cells, one forming the nave and the other the chancel, each of which is of similar width; the chapel is otherwise featureless. A rendered concrete block wall dating from the 1980s stands about 1 m to the west of the chancel arch. In the north wall of the chancel are two doors, one added in the 20th century, and the other being an original priest&#39;s door with a semicircular head. In the north wall are two windows, one being small with a semicircular head, and the other larger with a square head, probably dating from the 17th century. The east wall contains a window with a four-centred head, probably from the early 16th century. In the north wall of the nave is a narrow square-headed window, and in the south wall is a window with a pointed head and a doorway with a semicircular head. The west wall contains two single-light windows at different heights. The fittings still present in the interior are an altar slab with five consecration crosses, and the base of a 19th-century font.</p><br>
<p>Democrat Building is located at 407-411 Brady Street, Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The historic newspaper buildings is now an apartment building known as The Democrat Lofts.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Democrat Building was designed by a prominent Davenport architecture firm of Clausen & Kruse, and it was built in 1923. The firm also designed other historic buildings in Davenport including the Forrest Block, which is next door to the south, the Hibernia Hall, which is next door to the north, the Scott County Savings Bank, Davenport Municipal Stadium (now Modern Woodmen Park), The Linograph Company Building and the W.D. Petersen Memorial Music Pavilion in LeClaire Park.</p><br>
<p>The building was built for a local newspaper the Davenport Democrat, which was started in 1848 as the Democratic Banner. Its editorial philosophy was in keeping with that of the political party of the same name. Over the years the paper purchased the Gazette (1887) and the Evening Leader (1902). The paper was eventually bought by Lee Enterprises, which published the Daily Times. The merged newspapers became the Times-Democrat and is now known as the Quad-City Times.</p><br>
<p>The newspaper sold the building to The Catholic Messenger, the newspaper for the Catholic Diocese of Davenport. The building served as their headquarters for a couple of decades. The building also housed a dog training school, a vacuum cleaner salesroom, a dance hall and a specialty store. In 2014 a $6 million renovation turned the building into 21 apartments.</p><br>
<p>The building is considered significant because of its association with newspapers in Davenport, and as an example of the local influence of Louis Sullivan, whose work figures prominently in the history of American architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The two-storied, freestanding, brick structure with concrete block facing was designed by Davenport architect Rudolph J. Clausen. A historical survey in 1983 indicated that the building utilizes steel in its construction. The words “The Democrat” are etched across the top of the building. The building bears the stylistic influence of Louis Sullivan’s “jewel box” structures that are associated with the work he did late in his career in the Midwest. These influences are seen in the blocking of windows at the center of the highly geometric façade. The ornamentation of the horizontal band between stories, over the entrances, and along the parapet wall all feature the stylized motifs that are commonly found in his work.</p><br>
<p>Gaines Ferry was a ferry on the Sabine River, between what is now Sabine Parish, Louisiana and Sabine County, Texas, at the eastern terminus of Texas State Highway 21, and the western terminus of LA 6. Much of the early history of New Spain, France, Mexico, the Republic of Texas, the United States, including the American Civil War, and the USA states of Texas and Louisiana, involve some aspect of Gaines Ferry. It was a major highway to the west and cattle trail east, a port of entry for the Republic of Texas, and a transportation road for military supplies and soldiers during the American Civil War that included transporting cotton to Mexico. Gaines Ferry was the northern entry for many colonists heading to Texas, and it was named after James Gaines who purchased it in 1819. The ferry saw continuous service until 1937.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The ferry, formerly Chabanan Ferry circa 1795, was a major crossing between what was to become the states of Texas and Louisiana, across a point where the Gaines-Pendleton Bridge is now located, at the site of the old town of Pendleton, near Milam, Texas. The road leading to the ferry was part of the El Camino Real highway, a series of roads in Louisiana that converged at, or near, the crossing. The road ran from Natchitoches, Louisiana, across the Sabine via the ferry into Texas, through Milam, historic San Augustine and Nacogdoches and then to Mexico City. It was also referred to as the King&#39;s Highway, the Old San Antonio Road and also the El Camino Real de Los Tejas or El Camino Real de los Tejas National Historic Trail.</p><br>
<h3>The Sabine River boundary</h3><br>
<p>The Sabine river was a matter of contention between countries, states, and governments for years. Long a disputed boundary, the issue was left unresolved by the Treaty of Fontainebleau that ceded it from France to Spain, the Third Treaty of San Ildefonso ceding it back to France, and the 1803 Louisiana Purchase agreement ceding it to the United States. The Neutral Ground (Louisiana) military agreement of 1806 created the Sabine Free State during the interim and the Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819, that was not ratified until 1821, was supposed to be the solution. The Mexican independence of Texas from New Spain provided further fuel to the dispute, but this was settled with Texas&#39;s independence from Mexico.</p><br>
<h3>James Gaines</h3><br>
<p>James Taylor Gaines was born November 14, 1776, Robert Thomas in Culpeper County, Virginia but changed his name in 1810. He was a member of the famed Pendleton family that included a double first cousin, General Edmund Pendleton Gaines, a great uncle, Edmund Pendleton and cousins, Nathaniel Pendleton, John Penn, and John Taylor of Caroline, and was a distant cousin to James Madison. Edmund P. Gains was involved in the arrest and presentation for prosecution against Aaron Burr. Aaron Burr was the second cousin of Dr. Timothy Burr, the owner of Burr&#39;s Ferry, and founder of Burr Ferry, about 35 miles down river.</p><br>
<p>Although history is lacking on his education James Gaines was extremely well educated. Aside from owning a ferry, he also owned a mercantile store, an Inn, was a captain and raised and commanded Alabama and Coushatta Indians troops in the Gutiérrez-Magee expedition, fought in the War of 1812, served as alcalde in 1824, sheriff in 1828, and was Post Master for years. Gaines was a leader in the forces opposing Haden Edwards in the Fredonian Rebellion and the brief Republic of Fredonia. After building the first house, purchasing the ferry, and building a second house for in-laws, he enlisted Thomas Stuart McFarland to survey for a town and named it Pendleton. He sold the ferry and lands in 1843, after owning it over 23 years, and moved to Nacogdoches, where he was a signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence and helped write the Constitution of the Republic of Texas. He then served as a senator in the Republic of Texas in the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth congresses, representing Shelby, Sabine, and Harrison counties. He owned and operated a hotel in Texas for a time then he decided to move to California.</p><br>
<h2>Move to California</h2><br>
<p>James Gaines decided to follow two sons Edmund and John B. and arrived on the steamer Ecuador in San Francisco on August 23, 1850. There they discovered gold and formed the Mount Gaines Gold Mine that still exist today. He died November 12, 1856, and was buried in Oakland, California.</p><br>
<h2>End of an era</h2><br>
<p>The ferry remained in operation until rendered obsolete by a bridge in 1937. The original house built in 1815, was sold and became known as the Gaines-McGown House. It was destroyed in 1969 with the filling of Toledo Bend Reservoir. The second house was sold to Martha Oliphin and has become known as the Gaines-Oliphint House that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places August 18, 1977.</p><br>
<p>Patroon Creek is a stream in Albany County, New York, United States and is a tributary of the Hudson River which flows south to New York Harbor and the Atlantic Ocean. The creek&#39;s source is Rensselaer Lake in the western section of the city of Albany and flows along the northern border of said city with the town of Colonie to its mouth at the Hudson River. The creek received its name from the patroon of Rensselaerswyck.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Patroon Creek, starting with Henry Hudsons discovery of the Hudson River, was a part of the Dutch colony New Netherland and the patroonship of Rensselaerswyck, founded in 1630. On the 1632 Map of Rensselaerswyck the mouth of the Patroon Creek is labeled as "Bloommaerts Burt", and Patroon Creek gained the name of Bloomaert&#39;s Kill, kill being the Dutch word for creek or stream. In 1666 Jeremias van Rensselaer, the fourth patroon, established several barns and mills along the kill on what is now Tivoli Street. The Old Manor House was also built by the patroon just north of the creek near its mouth with the Hudson in 1666.</p><br>
<p>In 1844 the railroad between Albany and Schenectady east of Fuller Road was moved north from the central part of the city to the Tivoli Hollow Line which ran across the northern border of the city along Patroon Creek and through West Albany. The Albany and Schenectady Railroad which owned this line was merged with nine other railroads as the New York Central Railroad (NYCRR) in 1853, and work soon began on the establishment of a large rail yard, on 250 acre purchased in 1854 in West Albany.</p><br>
<p>In 1845 the Albany Waterworks Company purchased from the patroon Stephen van Rensselaer a portion of the Patroon Creek for use as a water supply. The Albany Waterworks was a private corporation and was replaced by a municipal water supply in 1850 which then purchased all the water sources from the Albany Waterworks. In 1851 the Patroon Creek was dammed by the city roughly 6 mi from Albany City Hall where three streams met to form the creek. Water from the lake passed through a 4 ft tall and 4 mi long brick pipe to the Bleecker Reservoir (now Bleecker Stadium) where the water was used for the portion of the city west from Pearl Street to Lark Street. Also in 1851 dams were thrown across the lower portion of Patroon Creek to form the Lower and Upper Tivoli Lakes (upper for storage, lower for distribution), the water being from the tributaries that join the Patroon east of the Rensselaer Lake dam. The NYCRR West Albany Rail Yard then became the sole user of the lower portion of Patroon Creek and its tributary the Sand Creek, mostly the water was used for industrial purposes. Rensselaer Lake was used as a water supply until 1926.</p><br>
<p>From the 1950s to 1998 Mercury Refining Company had a plant along an unnamed tributary to the Patroon Creek. Since 1983 the site has been on the Superfund pollution clean-up list. Several former customers of the plant including National Grid, Eveready, and Union Carbide put up over $4 million for the clean-up being supervised by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Another industrial site that has polluted the Patroon Creek and its watershed is a factory owned by NL Industries (formerly National Lead). The factory recycled depleted uranium into armor-piercing shot and shell. The factory was closed in 1983 after it was found that its six smokestacks were contaminating the suburban neighorhood of Roessleville with uranium dust. As late as 2003 uranium was found in sediments by the US Army Corps of Engineers at many locations along the creek, most of those locations the level was below their cleanup criteria, but two locations within the creek near the NL site contained uranium concentrations above the criteria. Mercury has also been found in the creek downstream from the Superfund site and is being investigated by local college professors.</p><br>
<p>Prior to the establishment of Albany&#39;s modern sewer system with treatment plants in the 1970s the municipality routinely had sewer pipes outflow into the creeks around the city. In 2000 several office buildings around Everett Road were found to still be dumping into the Patroon Creek and the pipes were corked and the properties connected to the municipal sewer system.</p><br>
<p>In the 1970s the Patroon Creek was diverted around Tivoli Lake and the lake was dredged. In 2010 plans have begun to return the creek through the lake in order to increase the oxygen content and circulation of the lake, along with using the wetlands of the lake as a natural filter to clean the Patroon Creek. This plan has been opposed by groups representing the area around Tivoli Lake who fear that heavy metals such as mercury and depleted uranium will be deposited in the lake and preserve.</p><br>
<p>In 1993 the creek was declared one of the state&#39;s ten worst polluted streams, with no significant living thing found except tube worms. By 1997 the creek had begun to improve, with minnows and crawfish, and in 1998 mayfly were found which indicated better quality water. In 2001 Mayor Jerry Jennings and Governor George Pataki announced a proposed 8 mi multi-use path between the Corning Preserve and the Albany Pine Bush by way of the Tivoli Nature Preserve along the Patroon Creek.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Patroon Creek is 6.2 mi long from a grate at the eastern end of Rensselaer Lake to a culvert that empties into the Hudson River. About 1/3 of the creek has been moved from its original course and/or buried in culverts since the 19th century to make way for railroads and highways. The creek passes through three nature preserves, the Albany Pine Bush at its source, the Tivoli Park Preserve, and the Corning Preserve at its mouth. The creek&#39;s watershed is roughly 5,000 acres. The watershed is in an urban environment with a population density of 2,550 persons/mi² (965 persons/km²), and approximately 17% of the watershed is forested. The Sand Creek, which resides mostly in Colonie, is a major tributary with a watershed of 3 square miles.</p><br>
<p>Tel Burna is an Israeli archaeological site located in the Shephelah , along the banks of Nahal Guvrin, not far from modern-day Qiryat Gat.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The site was primarily inhabited in the Bronze and Iron Ages, and was one of a series of sites along the border between Judah and Philistia in the Iron Age. The first excavations at the site were conducted in the summer of 2010, as part of a long term archaeological project, headed by Itzhaq Shai and Joe Uziel, affiliated with Bar Ilan University.</p><br>
<p>Tel Burna is located near Beit Guvrin/Maresha, Tel Goded, Lachish, Tell es-Safi/Gath and Tel Zayit. Due to its location, and its prominence in the Iron Ages, some have suggested identifying the site with Libnah, a site mentioned several times in the Bible, and noted to be one of the 13 Kohanic cities. Libnah had also revolted against the Kingdom of Judah in the 9th Century BCE and where Hamutal, Queen of Judah in the 7th Century BCE was born.</p><br>
<h2>Survey results</h2><br>
<p>An extensive archaeological survey was conducted at the site in June 2009. It was found that the site is approximately 100 dunams, with settlements in the Early Bronze Age II/III, Middle Bronze Age II, Late Bronze Age, Iron Age I and Iron Age II. The largest settlement at the site seems to date to the Iron Age II, when the summit was enclosed by fortifications, still visible on the surface today.</p><br>
<h2>Excavation results</h2><br>
<p>The excavations in 2010 revealed that the site’s summit was not settled after the Iron Age. Remains uncovered include the Iron Age fortifications, living surfaces dating to the 9th Century BCE, and several silos dating to the 7th century BCE. If in fact the location of Libnah should be sought out at Tel Burna, the excavations thus far do conform to what is known about the city from the Biblical texts. However, more recent work in 2013 has led the leader of the excavation to believe Tel Burna is the site for the city of Libnah.</p><br>
<h2>Physical geography of Lake Ocheda</h2><br>
<p>Lake Ocheda is a lake located in Nobles County, three miles south of Worthington, Minnesota. The lake is a long, narrow, body of water that extends east to west for approximately 5½ miles. The width varies from a few hundred yards, to a bit over 1/2 mile. Lake Ocheda is divided into three natural sections, West Ocheda, the Middle Bay, and East Ocheda. The three sections are connected to one another by two narrow channels of water. The average lake depth is less than three feet. The maximum depth is only about five feet, though it was much deeper in years past. An 1882 geology report prepared by the State of Minnesota indicates that the lake once had a maximum depth of 20 feet. Local residents attribute the decrease in depth to erosion from surrounding farm lands. Lake Ocheda is managed by the Okabena-Ocheda Watershed District.</p><br>
<h2>First settlers</h2><br>
<p>The first permanent settlers on Lake Ocheda were Ole Fauskee and his family. Ole migrated from Norway to the United States in 1867 when he was 25 years old. He was travelling through southwest Minnesota with his brother when his ox team gave out. He liked the country he saw, and on June 8, 1870, he and his brother walked all the way to Jackson, Minnesota, to file claims. Ole Fauskee claimed the northwest quarter of section 6 of Indian Lake Township, and his brother made an adjacent claim. This was before the railroad had come to Nobles County, and the only other permanent settlements in the county were in the vicinity of Graham Lakes and Indian Lake. Fauskee erected a sod hut on the banks of East Lake Ocheda and lived there for five years. He also claimed the northeast quarter of section 12 of Bigelow Township. Fauskee eventually built a home of lumber there, and prospered as a farmer.</p><br>
<h2>Public access</h2><br>
<p>There are two public access points on the lake. The first is Pickeral County Park, a Nobles County Park located on the northwestern shore of West Ocheda. The second is another Nobles County Park located where a highway bridge crosses the channel between the Middle Bay and East Ocheda. This is known as Sportsman&#39;s Park. Both parks are popular with local fishermen.</p><br>
<h2>Fishing</h2><br>
<p>Despite being very shallow, Lake Ocheda is well-stocked with several varieties of fish. Black Bullheads and Yellow Bullheads are abundant. Black Crappies and White crappies are also very common, as are orangspotted sunfish and yellow perch. The lake is stocked yearly with northern pike and yellow perch because these species can tolerate low oxygen-levels better than other game species. Ocheda Lake is a very shallow lake and it often experiences low oxygen during the winter. Complete winterkills of northern pike and yellow perch have never been documented. The northern pike population has done quite well for the last six years. Northern pike numbers have remained near average for lakes similar to Ocheda Lake. Northern pike lengths ranged from 16.5 to 30.0 inches.</p><br>
<p>The Saint Joseph Church and Shrine is a historic district located at 8742 USA Route 12 in the Irish Hills region in rural Cambridge Township in Lenawee County, Michigan. The district was designated as a Michigan Historic Site on April 19, 1990 and added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 4, 2007.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The church traces its origins to its founding as a missionary church in 1854 by the area&#39;s earliest Irish settlers. Irish Catholics had trickled into the area beginning in the 1830s, and they met in private homes for occasional mass. By 1852, a large enough number were in the area that a church was needed, and Humphrey and Ann Agan and Martin Kelly deeded the site on which this church stands to the Bishop of Detroit. Work on the church itself commenced in 1854, and continued on and off until 1862. Originally, the church was a very simple fieldstone church with no exterior adornments.</p><br>
<p>The church&#39;s tower, sacristy, and stained glass windows were added in 1911. A new roof, transept, and sanctuary were added in 1928. In 1932, the shrine was completed under the supervision of Hispanic architects Leo Ouelette, Dionicio Rodriguez, and Ralph Corona. The first resident priest of the church arrived until 1954. and the church continues to function as a Catholic church.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The district consists of a church edifice and a shrine. The district also consists of a cemetery with graves dating back to the 1850s.</p><br>
<p>Camp Dudley Road Historic District is a national historic district located at Westport, in Essex County, New York. The district contains 131 contributing buildings, one contributing site, and one contributing structure. It consists of an agricultural landscape and includes late-19th and early-20th century seasonal developments. Among the buildings are vernacular farmhouses in a variety of styles, barn complexes, a stone schoolhouse built in 1816, Skenewood Estate, the Stable Inn properties, Germain property, "Kenjockety," and Barbers Point Lighthouse. Camp Dudley, the oldest continuing boys camp is located on a 250 acre parcel in the southern part of the district.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>Sheldon–Owens Farm is a national historic district located at Willsboro in Essex County, New York. The district contains seven contributing buildings, one contributing site, and seven contributing structures. They are set on a property assembled between 1784 and 1945. The oldest structure is a barn dated to the late 18th century. A number of the outbuildings date to the 1830s and include barns, a granary, brick smokehouse, and sugar house. The farmhouse dates to 1853 and was constructed on the foundation of the 18th-century house. Dated to the early 20th century are a storage shed, machine shed, well house, and additions and renovations to older buildings.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>The Willsboro School is a historic school building located at Willsboro in Essex County, New York. It was built in 1927 and is a three story red brick building designed in the Neoclassical style in accordance with New York State&#39;s standardized school design guidelines of the early 20th century. The 1927 buildings is 130 ft wide and 60 ft deep and has approximately 24,000 ft&sup2; of space. An addition was completed in 1952. It is 90 ft by 56 ft and contains approximately 15,000 ft&sup2; of space. It closed in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The former Willsboro School was rescued from the threat of demolition by developer Eli Schwartzberg who established its listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010 to ensure the building&#39;s preservation. Schwartzberg then renovated and converted the building into the Champlain Valley Senior Community which opened in 2013. Champlain Valley Senior Community is a new assisted living community that offers a full range of personalized services including delicious meals, entertainment, social activities, health and wellness programs, regional excursions, medication management, 24-hour aid assistance, modern rooms, and transportation to area physicians. The home features modern amenities fused with the classic charm and special character of its historic building. Champlain Valley Senior Community offers studio and one-bedroom apartments featuring original hardwood floors, fourteen foot ceilings, and views of the Boquet River.</p><br>
<p>The Greenwell Store is a historic building now run as a museum by the Kona Historical Society.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Henry Nicholas Greenwell (1826–1891) was an English merchant who originally came to Hawaii in 1850. He went back to England in 1867, and returned and married Elizabeth Caroline Hall (1841–1934). They lived in a wooden house, (the foundation is still visible) and had a stone house built that was used as a store since 1870.</p><br>
<p>The building is a simple rectangle about 25 ft by 55 ft with a basement, main floor, and attic. Walls are 24 inch thick, made of stones with mortar.</p><br>
<p>Since Greenwell served as Postmaster, the town that grew up around the store was known as Kealakekua, Hawaii, even though the actual traditional land division of that name is further south. The Hawaii Belt Road now runs past the store.</p><br>
<p>Descendant Norman Leonard Greenwell (1926-1992) and his wife Jean Greenwell (1929–2009) were founders of the Kona Historical society in 1976.</p><br>
<p>On May 22, 1978 the store was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings on the island of Hawaii as site 78001017. The society restored the former store to its appearance circa 1875, and opened it as a museum.</p><br>
<p>The store was added as site 10-37-7243 to the state of Hawaii registry of historic places on August 17, 1991.</p><br>
<p>Another nearby Greenwell property, the Kona Coffee Living History Farm, is also open for tours by the society.</p><br>
<p>Bryant Fleming House is a historic home located at Wyoming in Wyoming County, New York. It was built about 1850 and is a -story, two-by-three-bay cross-gabled vernacular Italianate-style cottage with a two-by-three-bay, 1-story rear wing. Another main building is a multi-purpose "playhouse" designed for large-scale entertaining and accommodation of overnight guests. The property includes notable landscape features that its principal owner, Bryant Fleming  designed and installed after he purchased the property about 1910. Also on the property is a small decorative pool with fountain, two sets of stone and concrete steps, a garden gate, and brick walls with gate posts.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Tasersuaq  is a large lake in the Qeqqata municipality in central-western Greenland. The name of the lake means large lake in the Greenlandic language, and is a common name shared by several lakes in the country.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Tasersuaq is a latitudinal lake of elongated sausage shape, extending from approximately 66&deg;59&prime;50&Prime;N latitude, 52&deg;15&prime;00&Prime;W longitude in the west to 67&deg;00&prime;15&Prime;N latitude, 51&deg;27&prime;45&Prime;W longitude in the east, located halfway between Sisimiut in the west and Kangerlussuaq in the east, approximately 63 km east of the former, and 69 km west of the latter. In the northwest the lake is bounded by tall mountains of the Pingu mountain group. The range flattens considerably towards the east in the area of Kangaamiut dike swarm north of Kangerlussuaq, due to pressure exerted by the Greenland ice sheet (Sermersuaq) for long periods in the past. The eastern end of the lake is located just west of the Tarajornitsut highland.</p><br>
<h2>Polar route</h2><br>
<p>The tough, 160 km long Arctic Circle Race takes place each winter, with the trail partially overlapping with the Polar Route from Sisimiut to Kangerlussuaq. The race was inaugurated in 1998, since then becoming an international competition. The Polar Route passes near the southwestern shore of Tasersuaq, in the Kangerluatsiarsuaq bay of the lake, where a hut erected by the Sisimiut tourist office stands at the shore.</p><br>
<p>Sarfannguit Island  is an island in the Qeqqata municipality in western Greenland.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The island is of elongated shape, separated from the mainland of Greenland by Sarfannguit Channel, a narrow waterway at the eastern promontory occupied by the Sarfannguit settlement. To the south, the island is bounded by the Ikertooq Fjord, widening considerably at its mouth at approximately 66&deg;46&prime;N latitude, 53&deg;27&prime;W longitude, where it empties into Davis Strait. The channel is unusual in that it connects the head of the narrower Amerloq Fjord bounding the island from the north to the larger Ikertooq Fjord in the southeast.</p><br>
<p>Several smaller islands trail Sarfannguit Island in the west, on the coastline of Davis Strait, of which Maniitsorsuaq and Uummannaarsussuaq are the largest, while tiny Nipisat Island is host to ruins from the early settlement. The island is hilly, with the highest point reaching 404 m. In the past, the coastal region was dotted with several small villages, all of which are now abandoned.</p><br>
<p>Edgewater Farm is a historic home located at Willsboro Point in Essex County, New York. It contains four contributing buildings, one contributing site, and one contributing structure. The main house, known as the Rowley house, is an early-19th-century residence, dated to about 1830, with two earlier service wings from about 1796 and 1820. It consists of rectangular, 2-story, five-bay frame main block, with a two-stage ell consisting of a -story kitchen wing and -story shop / carriage barn. The main block features an elaborate Greek Revival–style entrance and portico. Also on the property are former farm outbuildings including a horse barn, a cow and hay barn, and a creamery. The property also includes a family cemetery.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The Henderson County Courthouse, also known as the Historic Henderson County Courthouse and the Old Henderson County Courthouse, is an historic 3-story brick gold-domed Classical Revival style courthouse building located at One Historic Courthouse Square, corner of 1st and Main streets in Hendersonville, North Carolina.</p><br>
<p>It is Henderson County&#39;s second courthouse and is adjacent to site of the 1840s courthouse which was razed upon its completion. Famed architect Frank Pierce Milburn was asked in 1903 to design the new courthouse, but the county commissioners rejected his design and instead hired Englishman Richard Sharp Smith, who was the resident architect of the Biltmore Estate after the death of Richard Morris Hunt in 1895. Construction by local builder W. F. Edwards began in 1904 and was completed in July, 1905.</p><br>
<p>The old courthouse was closed for renovations after the completion of a new courthouse at 200 North Grove Street in 1995. The restored 1905 courthouse currently houses the Henderson County Heritage Museum and some government offices.</p><br>
<p>On May 10, 1979, the Historic Henderson County Courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places. It is located in the Main Street Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Mianus River Railroad Bridge, also known as the Cos Cob Bridge, is a bascule bridge built in 1904 over the Mianus River, in Greenwich, Connecticut. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. It is operated by the Metro-North Railroad, successor to Conrail, Penn Central, and the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, which erected it, and is owned by the Connecticut Department of Transportation.</p><br>
<p>It is a rolling lift type moveable bridge, and was prefabricated by the American Bridge Company, to replace a previous bridge on the site which was unsafe.</p><br>
<p>The nearby Cos Cob Railroad Station is also NRHP-listed, as well as the Cos Cob Power Station, a former New Haven Railroad electrical substation on the western edge of the bridge that despite being demolished during the turn of the millennium, is still listed on NRHP. It is one of eight moveable bridges on the Northeast Corridor through Connecticut surveyed in one multiple property study in 1986. The eight bridges from west to east are: this Mianus River Railroad Bridge, at Cos Cob, built in 1904; Norwalk River Railroad Bridge at South Norwalk, 1896; Saugatuck River Railroad Bridge at Westport, 1905; Pequonnock River Railroad Bridge at Bridgeport, 1902; Housatonic River Railroad Bridge, at Devon, 1905; Connecticut River Railroad Bridge, Old Saybrook-Old Lyme, 1907; Niantic River Bridge, East Lyme-Waterford, 1907; and Thames River Bridge (Amtrak), Groton, built in 1919. The Pequonnock River bridge—also on Metro-North&#39;s New Haven Line, as are the Norwalk, Westport, and Devon bridges—has since been replaced.</p><br>
<p>Kuntillet Ajrud  is a late 9th/early 8th centuries BCE site in the northeast part of the Sinai peninsula. It is frequently described as a shrine, though this is not certain.</p><br>
<h2>Excavations</h2><br>
<p>The site was excavated in 1975/76 by Tel Aviv University archaeologist Ze’ev Meshel. The fortress-like main building is divided into two rooms, one large and the other small, both with low benches. Both rooms contained various paintings and inscriptions on the walls and on two large water-jars (pithoi), one found in each room. The paintings on the pithoi show various animals, stylised trees, and human figures, some of which may represent gods. They appear to have been done over a fairly considerable period and by several different artists, and do not form coherent scenes. The iconography is entirely Syrian/Phoenician and lacks any connection to the Egyptian models commonly found in Iron Age IIB Israel art.</p><br>
<p>The inscriptions are mostly in early Hebrew with some in Phoenician script. Many are religious in nature, invoking Yahweh, El and Baal, and two include the phrases "Yahweh of Samaria and his Asherah" and "Yahweh of Teman and his Asherah." There is general agreement that Yahweh is being invoked in connection with Samaria (capital of the kingdom of Israel) and Teman (in Edom); this suggests that Yahweh had a temple in Samaria, and raises a question over the relationship between Yahweh and Kaus, the national god of Edom. The "Asherah" is most likely a cultic object, although the relationship of this object (a stylised tree perhaps) to Yahweh and to the goddess Asherah, consort of El, is unclear.</p><br>
<p>An image on the piece of pottery (belonging to a pithos vase) found at Kuntillet Ajrud is adjacent to a Hebrew inscription "Berakhti etkhem l’YHVH Shomron ul’Asherato" ("I have blessed you by Yahweh of Samaria and Asherah"). Scholars disputed about the meaning and the significance of this. The two figures portrayed are generally identifiable as representing the Egyptian god Bes. Also, it is believed that this image was drawn after the inscription was written, so the two may be completely unrelated.</p><br>
<p>The excavation report by Ze&#39;ev Meshel was published in 2012.</p><br>
<p>The title "YHWH of Samaria" is used to describe the God of Samaria (in the northern Kingdom of Israel) and that Kingdom was known to openly accept idolatry.</p><br>
